Stephen Carruthers Author & Editor

Author: Dr. Wilhelm Hammer trained as a doctor in Freiburg and Berlin. In addition to his work at the women’s ward in Berlin, he worked as a doctor in a variety of welfare and penal institutions in Switzerland, Austria, Holland and throughout the German Empire.

Editors: Stephen Carruthers is a lecturer in the School of Social Sciences, Law, and Education at the Technological University Dublin. His current research interests are in the field of sociology and cultural history.

Jill Suzanne Smith is Associate Professor of German at Bowdoin College in Maine, USA. Her research and teaching focus on gender and sexuality, Jewish studies, and the city of Berlin from the Wilhelmine era to the present.