Sandra McCune Editor & Author

Peggy McCardle, PhD, MPH, is Chief, Child Development & Behavior Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) of the National Institutes of Health. Formerly a classroom teacher, she also served as faculty at various universities and as a speech-language pathologist in hospitals and medical centers. At NICHD, in addition to her oversight of the Branch, she directs the research program on Language, Bilingualism and Biliteracy and developed the branch programs in Adolescent and Adult literacy. She is lead editor of the volumes The Voice of Evidence in Reading Research (Brookes Publishing, 2004); Childhood Bilingualism (Multilingual Matters, 2006), and Infant Pathways to Language: Methods, Models, and Research Directions (Erlbaum/Taylor-Francis, 2008); lead author of Reading Research in Action: A Teacher's Guide for Student Success (Brookes Publishing, 2008); and has served as guest editor of thematic journal issues on reading, bilingualism, and English-language learner research.

Sandra McCune, PhD, heads up the research program on Human-Animal Interaction at WALTHAM's Centre for Pet Nutrition in the United Kingdom. Her background is in ethology, and she has studied a range of topics in cat and dog behavior for many years, including aspects of temperament, social behavior, feeding behavior, cognition, and age-related changes in behavior. Practical experience while a veterinary nurse informed many of her doctoral study questions assessing individual variation in the temperament of cats and its impact on their welfare when confined. She also has extensive experience studying what happens when cat and dog behavior interacts with human behavior in a variety of contexts.

James A. Griffin, PhD, is the Deputy Chief of the Child Development & Behavior Branch (CDBB) at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Director of the Early Learning and School Readiness Program. Before his work at NICHD, Dr. Griffin served as a Senior Research Analyst in the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) at the U.S. Department of Education, as the Assistant Director for the Social, Behavioral, and Education (SBE) Sciences in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), and as a Research Analyst at the Administration on Children, Youth and Families (ACYF).

Valerie Maholmes, PhD, CAS, directs the research program in Social and Affective Development/Child Maltreatment and Violence in the Child Development & Behavior Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). Dr. Maholmes received a doctorate in Educational Psychology from Howard University and a six-year degree with advanced study in School Psychology, with a concentration in neuropsychological and psychosocial assessments from Fairfield University. Her research and clinical work have focused on the psychosocial, cultural, and environmental factors that influence children's learning and development, particularly low-income minority children. She held a faculty position at the Yale University Child Study Center, where she served in numerous capacities, including the director of research and policy for the School Development Program and the Irving B. Harris Assistant Professor of Child Psychiatry, an endowed professorial chair for social policy