Julian Joshua Author

Christopher Harding is Professor of Law in the Department of Law and Criminology at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. He is the author of numerous books including Criminal Enterprise: Individuals, Organisations and Criminal Responsibility (Willan, 2007) and, with Laurence Koffman, Sentencing and the Penal System: Text and Materials (2nd ed. Sweet and Maxwell, 1995). His teaching and research interests span the fields of European law, International law, penal and legal theory, and the history of crime and punishment. Julian Joshua brings a unique perspective as both an enforcement official for 27 years and now as a defence lawyer, and as a published writer and commentator on many aspects of cartel practice. As a barrister and partner in the antitrust practice of Howrey LLP's Brussels office, he focuses on complex international cartel investigations before the European Commission. Nominated by professional journals as "a leader in the field of cartels work", he specialises in global antitrust investigations by multiple enforcement authorities. As a European Commission cartel enforcer, he was the architect of the European Commission's investigation and enforcement mechanisms in complex cartel cases, including the "dawn raid" and the treatment of cartels as a conspiracy under the concept of the single continuous infringement. He led many successful investigations into Europe-wide price-fixing conspiracies in major industries and was the author of numerous seminal Commission decisions in the cartel area.