Playing God

This book discusses the genre of rituals known as the Teyyam extent in the North Malabar region of Kerala State, India. In this elaborately costumed ritual practitioners known as kolakkar, invoke the spirit of a deity into themselves which according to the devotees constitute a splendid theophany in which when the ritual process is over the devotees are able to talk to the god and invoke his/her blessings and predictions of their future. This book concentrates on the cult of the Muttappan duo of gods, the most popular among the Teyyams of North Malabar. The Muttappan cult, though originating from worship of a forest god by tribal groups and untouchables of the hill districts of North Malabar, is now widely popular, not only in Kerala but even outside the state, attracting worshippers from all castes and regions of South India. The book contains an analysis of the mythology and ritual praxis of the Muttappan cult and in addition an examination of the attempts to integrate the cult into a wider Hinduism by enunciating of a new hermeneutic of the legend and rituals based on the Hindu Advaitic tradition. The book also discusses how the Teyyam ritual contrasts significantly with rituals and worship in Brahminical Hinduism. The popularity of the cult is a reflection of the changing relationships between castes in Kerala, involving a closer symbiosis and reflecting the urge by the untouchable groups of Kerala to gain a higher standing and acceptance in Keralan Hindu society. The rituals are rich in theological significance and symbolism, and have links to the performing arts of Kerala such as Kathakali and Ottam Tullal.