The Great Mughals

From the ramparts of the Agra fort, the Mughal Emperors once ruled over the greatest and most populous of all Muslim Empires. The Mughals claimed the loyalty of some 100 million subjects- five times the number of those ruled by their Ottoman rivals, and many times that ruled by their westerly neighbours, the Safavids of Isfahan.

Perhaps more than any other Islamic dynasty, the Mughals made their love of architecture and the arts a central part of their identity as rulers, believing that artists and architects were, in the words of the Emperor Humayun, "the delight of all the world.”

In this magnificent catalogue of her astonishing V&A show, Susan Stronge brings together a beautifully curated treasury of the greatest wonders to survive from one of the most elegant and refined courts in world history. Mixing the art of Timurid Central Asia with that of Hindu Rajasthan and cross fertilising both of these with new ideas brought from Jesuit Portugal and Jacobean London, the Mughals created an entirely new aesthetic.

Their kharkhanas and khazanas became a new world of artistic expression marked by unprecedented experimentation in miniature painting and ivory and jade carving, a world of silken hangings and coats of gilded and inscribed Mughal armour. Here can be found teak furniture inlaid with mother of pearl, emerald-set daggers and diamond-studded scabbards, jade drinking cups in the form of antelope beside balustrades of Makrana marble studded with gleaming semi-precious stones the colour of pigeon’s blood, yellow topaz and lizard-green gems. This, truly, is the art of a golden age.

William Dalrymple, 2nd July 2024