American Heresies and Higher Education

These closely interrelated essays explore who we think we are and what we believe we’re supposed to do as free and relational persons these days.
Our country is rife with heresies, which shouldn’t be regarded as all that negative. Heresies are always partly true, and they highlight part of the truth we might otherwise ignore. Our insistent efforts to maximize our autonomy is based upon the truth that each of us free persons is more than merely part of a species or part of a country. Our libertarians—who are typically our most savvy futurologists—constantly remind us that the freedom we won for ourselves through our technological capabilities. They typically fail to remind us, however, that those gifts are a challenge to our free wills. Technology is only good if limited and directed by our relational responsibilities, as well as by authentically living in the truth.
    Similarly, our evolutionary psychology is a heresy. It highlights the fact that we’re irreducibly relational beings, and that most of our happiness comes from performing our natural responsibilities as members of a highly social species. An excessive concern with autonomy produces loneliness and disorientation, and it is surely the main cause of the birth dearth that threatens the future of our basic entitlements and threatens to become a national security issue. But evolutionary psychology can’t even begin to account for the greatness and misery of our irreducible freedom, and it has little to say about what really animates priests, philosophers, poets, presidents, physicists, and so forth.
    Our Lockean pretensions toward autonomy need to be chastened by what the Darwinians know about the “eusocial” animal, just as the Darwinians stand in need of guidance by the Lockean insight that each of us is not determined by some impersonal, species-driven biological destiny. And there’s more: It’s the Christians who teach us the whole truth about who we are as free and relational beings under God.
    Reform in higher education these days, which is the concern of roughly half the essays in this collection, is driven by the truth that each of us is a free being who works, and that it is irresponsible not to prepare students for the techno-realities of the 21st century marketplace. Those efforts at...