Race for Profit
How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership
Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor author
Format:Paperback
Publisher:The University of North Carolina Press
Published:30th Apr '21
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LONGLISTED FOR THE 2019 NATIONAL BOOK AWARD
By the late 1960s and early 1970s, reeling from a wave of urban uprisings, politicians finally worked to end the practice of redlining. Reasoning that the turbulence could be calmed by turning Black city-dwellers into homeowners, they passed the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, and set about establishing policies to induce mortgage lenders and the real estate industry to treat Black homebuyers equally. The disaster that ensued revealed that racist exclusion had not been eradicated, but rather transmuted into a new phenomenon of predatory inclusion.
Race for Profit uncovers how exploitative real estate practices continued well after housing discrimination was banned. The same racist structures and individuals remained intact after redlining's end, and close relationships between regulators and the industry created incentives to ignore improprieties. Meanwhile, new policies meant to encourage low-income homeownership created new methods to exploit Black homeowners. The federal government guaranteed urban mortgages in an attempt to overcome resistance to lending to Black buyers - as if unprofitability, rather than racism, was the cause of housing segregation. Bankers, investors, and real estate agents took advantage of the perverse incentives, targeting the Black women most likely to fail to keep up their home payments and slip into foreclosure, multiplying their profits. As a result, by the end of the 1970s, the nation's first programs to encourage Black homeownership ended with tens of thousands of foreclosures in Black communities across the country. The push to uplift Black homeownership had descended into a goldmine for realtors and mortgage lenders, and a ready-made cudgel for the champions of deregulation to wield against government intervention of any kind.
Narrating the story of a sea-change in housing policy and its dire impact on African Americans, Race for Profit reveals how the urban core was transformed into a new frontier of cynical extraction.
Taylor's novel analysis, vivid storytelling, clear argumentation, and encyclopedic mastery of the historiography make [Race for Profit] a future classic." - The Metropole
"Essential for readers wishing to understand the depth and differentials of U.S. racial discrimination, Taylor's masterly expose of the political economy of the racially bifurcated market systematically lays bare how residential segregation made profits from race; it also illustrates the mismatch of market solutions to racist policies and practices and underscores the limits of legislation alone to undo institutional racism." - Library Journal, starred review
"Among the myriad strengths of Race for Profit is Taylor's thoughtful and poignant analysis of the structures of meaning that undergird the racialized political economy of homeownership in this period." - H-Net Reviews
"In this meticulously researched and well-written volume, Taylor . . . highlights an important chapter in African American history, focusing on how mortgage bankers and the FHA turned the promise of black home ownership into an urban nightmare, ultimately reinforcing historic urban-suburban racial segregation." - CHOICE
"In her thorough examination of a purposefully erased chapter of housing policy, Taylor achieves a compelling history for both specialists and the general-interest reader. The concept of predatory inclusion, perhaps Taylor's most important contribution, offers an important framework for critiques of housing under capitalism. . . . [and] suggests a more revolutionary rethinking of our contemporary relationship to housing." - Carolina Planning Journal
"The product of a seasoned author, Taylor's book strikes a tough balance. It details the intricacies of HUD policy while holding readers close through very human depictions of the experiences and manipulations of those policies. . . . There's within its pages new ways to interrogate the story we tell about policy gone wrong." - Black Perspectives
"Taylor grounds her analysis in extensive archival research and in conversation with the historiography that it both extends and challenges." - Metropolitics
"Narrating the story of a sea-change in housing policy and its dire impact on African Americans, Race for Profit reveals how the urban core was transformed into a new frontier of cynical extraction." - Democratic Left
"Details bungling mismanagement, gross corruption, distorted incentives, civil rights regulations that went unheeded and unenforced - what Taylor calls a system of "predatory inclusion" that was distinct yet not entirely free from the racist system of exclusion that preceded it." - The New York Times
"The book makes a strong case that giving so much power to profit-driven industries doomed the program's goals from the start, and there are clear parallels to the later subprime mortgage crisis of the 2000s. Race for Profit is an important addition to the literature on predatory lending and housing discrimination, as well as a valuable warning." - Foreword Reviews
"Like many historians, Taylor stays close to the history she documents and doesn't set out to address the present day in a sustained or direct way. She doesn't propose a solution to these perpetual abuses, and certainly not a neat, bipartisan policy move. In her telling, the problems are deep and abiding. They have to do with the degree to which the "American Dream" has become synonymous with the big yet also small accomplishment of owning a house." - The New Republic
"A groundbreaking new book." - The New Yorker
"A rich economic and policy history, Race for Profit begins and ends its account of housing inequality with people. . . . In crisp and empathetic detail, Taylor . . . discusses the Black people who were cynically given predatory loans to purchase dilapidated houses and who eventually fought back." - The Nation
"Taylor lays bare the naked racism, unethical practices, and rampant profiteering that saturated all aspects of the federal government and real estate industry's treatment of Black America." - Planning Perspectives
"Taylor's new and critical addition to the canon of housing-inequality scholarship illuminates how the private real estate industry, even in the era of supposed "Fair Housing," failed Black people by preying on them for profit. It also reveals how mistaken American ideas about real estate-specifically, the idea of homeownership as a pillar of the American Dream-fueled the system that encouraged the pillaging of Black capital, while ultimately betraying the American public writ large." - Public Books“
What’s the last great book you read?”
“I can’t just name one. I want to highlight three great books I recently read on America’s political economy. The first, Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership, by Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, is an expertly told history of the post-civil rights emergence of what Taylor terms “predatory inclusion”. The second, From Here to Equality: Reparations for Black Americans in the Twenty-First Century, by William A. Darity Jr. and A. Kirsten Mullen, is the best booklong case for reparations. The third, The Broken Heart of America: St. Louis and the Violent History of the United States, by Walter Johnson, adroitly examines a U.S. history of imperial racial capitalism with its crosswinds centered in St. Louis.”- Dr. Ibram Kendi, New York Times, March 20201
ISBN: 9781469663883
Dimensions: 233mm x 195mm x 22mm
Weight: 500g
368 pages