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Pain, Penance, and Protest

Peine Forte et Dure in Medieval England

Sara M Butler author

Format:Hardback

Publisher:Cambridge University Press

Published:18th Nov '21

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Pain, Penance, and Protest cover

An examination of peine fort et dure, the coercive medieval punishment for defendants refusing to plead to criminal indictments.

In medieval England, a defendant who refused to plead to a criminal indictment was sentenced to peine forte et dure – pressing with weights. Using this punishment as a lens, this book blurs the lines between law, religion, and literature to understand how it functioned within the medieval criminal justice system.In medieval England, a defendant who refused to plead to a criminal indictment was sentenced to pressing with weights as a coercive measure. Using peine forte et dure ('strong and hard punishment') as a lens through which to analyse the law and its relationship with Christianity, Butler asks: where do we draw the line between punishment and penance? And, how can pain function as a vehicle for redemption within the common law? Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this book embraces both law and literature. When Christ is on trial before Herod, he refused to plead, his silence signalling denial of the court's authority. England's discontented subjects, from hungry peasant to even King Charles I himself, stood mute before the courts in protest. Bringing together penance, pain and protest, Butler breaks down the mythology surrounding peine forte et dure and examines how it functioned within the medieval criminal justice system.

'Butler's book is a drastic revision of the prevalent obsolete narratives of the birth and development of English law. Butler shows that peine forte et dure was neither a barbaric, irrational penalty, nor prevalent, nor English, nor secular. Embedding legal practices in the intellectual and religious climate of the time, this book is a path-breaking, thought-provoking study.' Esther Cohen, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
'This is an important and richly rewarding book. Sara M. Butler triumphantly rescues peine forte et dure from its position as an awkward footnote to the history of the jury to the centre of an investigation into the meaning and purpose of the medieval English criminal trial and its consequences. Silence, in Butler's erudite and wide-ranging analysis, becomes exceptionally eloquent.' Richard W. Ireland, Senior Lecturer Emeritus, Aberystwyth University
'The accused stands mute in medieval court, ready to undergo torment rather than plead. What can explain this scene? In this engrossing study, Sara M. Butler takes us beyond the confines of legal history, exploring forgotten worlds of religious and cultural meaning.' James Q. Whitman, Yale Law School

ISBN: 9781316512388

Dimensions: 236mm x 158mm x 35mm

Weight: 880g

459 pages