Debating Sex and Gender in Eighteenth-Century Spain

This book explores the popular and elite debates over the creation of a two-sex model of human bodies in eighteenth-century Spain.

Vicente analyses the philosophical, medical and legal debates about sexual difference in eighteenth-century Spain to demonstrate how formal definitions of man and woman often clashed with the reality of sex and gender, utilising case studies to trace the lives of particular individuals with ambiguous sexual and gender traits.Eighteenth-century debates continue to set the terms of modern day discussions on how 'nature and nurture' shape sex and gender. Current dialogues - from the tension between 'real' and 'ideal' bodies, to how nature and society shape sexual difference - date back to the early modern period. Debating Sex and Gender is an innovative study of the creation of a two-sex model of human sexuality based on different genitalia within Spain, reflecting the enlightened quest to promote social reproduction and stability. Drawing on primary sources such as medical treatises and legal literature, Vicente traces the lives of individuals whose ambiguous sex and gender made them examples for physicians, legislators and educators for how nature, family upbringing, education, and the social environment shaped an individual's sex. This book brings together insights from the histories of sexuality, medicine and the law to shed new light on this timely and important field of study.