When People Want Punishment

Why are some authoritarian regimes popular with their citizens, while many democratic regimes are mistrusted or held in contempt?

Against the global backdrop of rising populism, democratic backsliding, and the emergence of the China model as an alternative to liberal democracy that is compelling to many, this book explains why authoritarian leaders appeal to ordinary people, focusing on public opinion and citizen concerns about retributive justice.Against the backdrop of rising populism around the world and democratic backsliding in countries with robust, multiparty elections, this book asks why ordinary people favor authoritarian leaders. Much of the existing scholarship on illiberal regimes and authoritarian durability focuses on institutional explanations, but Tsai argues that, to better understand these issues, we need to examine public opinion and citizens' concerns about retributive justice. Government authorities uphold retributive justice - and are viewed by citizens as fair and committed to public good - when they affirm society's basic values by punishing wrongdoers who act against these values. Tsai argues that the production of retributive justice and moral order is a central function of the state and an important component of state building. Drawing on rich empirical evidence from in-depth fieldwork, original surveys, and innovative experiments, the book provides a new framework for understanding authoritarian resilience and democratic fragility.