Siberia and the Exile System

An American journalist's unflinching account, published in two volumes in 1891, of Russia's brutal penal system in Siberia.

The American journalist and expert on Russia George Kennan (1854–1924) went to Siberia to examine the infamous tsarist penal system there, and this vivid account was published in two volumes in 1891. In Volume 2, Kennan visits the convict mines of the Trans-Baikal region.The American journalist George Kennan (1854–1924) spent many years travelling in and writing about Russia. After the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881, Kennan wanted to go to Siberia to examine the penal system and the punishment of political exiles. In this unflinching account, published in two volumes in 1891, Kennan gives vivid descriptions, accompanied by extensive illustrations of the prisons and labour camps and the harsh lives of the people forced to live there. This journey also led to a personal transformation for Kennan himself - he started out as a supporter of the tsarist government but when he returned to the United States, he had become an advocate of political revolution in Russia. In Volume 2, he travels to the infamous convict mines of the Trans-Baikal region, and also discusses the extensive police surveillance system he observed while in Russia.