The Present Position and Prospects of the British Trade with China

A powerful argument, published in 1836, for the right to free trade, with strong condemnation of Chinese restrictions upon it.

A leading trader in Canton (Guangzhou), James Matheson (1796–1878) became a Hong Kong taipan. Published in 1836, this was his response to the severe restrictions placed by the Chinese upon trading. It is a provocative text: a defence of both free trade and an aggressive foreign policy.James Matheson (1796–1878) became a leading taipan, with significant influence and power in Hong Kong. When this pamphlet was published, in 1836, he was still trading from Canton (Guangzhou) and, following the abolition of the East India Company's monopoly on trade with China, appealed to the British government to pressure the Chinese to lift the severe restrictions on trading. He suggests that despite the efforts of the merchants, China refuses to acknowledge the law of nations, to trade fairly, and as such has 'long since surrendered her rights and is no longer in a position to enforce them'. Matheson's personal appeal to the Duke of Wellington was rebuffed, but his business partner, William Jardine, later persuaded Lord Palmerston to adopt a tougher approach, which ultimately led to the First Opium War. This is a powerful and provocative text: a defence of both free trade and an aggressive foreign policy.