Asymmetry and International Relationships

America's longest wars have been 'small wars'. This book explains how power differences shape - but don't determine - international relationships.

In most international relationships, the weaker side cannot do to the larger side what the larger side can do to it. But the lesson of Vietnam is that power does not always prevail. This book explores the role of disparity in shaping - but not determining - international relationships.Power is real, but it does not always prevail. This book explores how disparity structures international relationships. Beginning at the bilateral level, the relationship between the smaller side and the larger side can be normal as long as the smaller does not feel threatened and the larger can assume that its capabilities are respected. However, the smaller can be tempted to brinksmanship, while the larger can be tempted to bully. Asymmetric conflicts are often stalemated because the limited commitment of the larger side is met by the smaller's mortal resistance. In multilateral situations, asymmetry shapes patterns of uncertainty and attention. In global systems, how hegemons treat their subjects is the unobserved sand shifting beneath their feet as they look toward their challenger. Since 2008, the US has retained primacy but not dominance. The management of asymmetric relationships in a multinodal world will determine how power matters in the current era.