To Be Free and French

'Semley seeks to understand the intersection of citizenship, race, and gender within the 19th- and 20th-century French Atlantic empire. She does this through a series of engaging and well-researched chapters centered on important imperial events where the local and imperial intersect and where imperial subjects see themselves within both French and local identities. … As a whole, the work illustrates the complexity of race, citizenship, and gender in that they often worked together while they were also at odds. Many of the figures described in the book embraced the larger revolutionary ideals of citizenship, but then had to negotiate them within their local contexts. Finally, even as slaves became free and freed men became citizens, women had to wait. … Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above.' T. M. Reese, Choice
'Semley combines outstanding archival research from three continents with insightful analysis and engaging prose. She consistently shows her ability to tell a good a story in an intriguing location. To Be Free and French is full of surprises and fascinating individuals who actively sought to define themselves within the context of French imperialism. Like her subjects, Semley refuses to fall into the simplistic dualities of colonizer and colonized, French or not-French, and white or black.' Michael G. Vann, World History Connected
'… this book responds brilliantly to a decades-old call to better represent Africa, Africans and their diaspora in Atlantic history. In doing so, Semley provides us with an exemplary model for grounding broad historical concerns in close readings of primary evidence from disparate and connected places. I field-tested this book in an upper-division undergraduate course. To Be Free and French received high praise from young people in need of nuanced analysis and innovative methods to critique racialized and gendered inequities in their own complex and globalizing worlds.' Sarah Zimmerman, European History Quarterly
'Lorelle Semley's work ambitiously integrates the fields of African diaspora and Atlantic studies with the history of citizenship, French empire, gender, law, transnationalism, and urban studies. … Semley's work offers a praiseworthy contribution to the existing literature on French empire and colonial citizenship as well as an important foundation for understanding contemporary debates about citizenship in France.' Elizabeth Heath, The American Historical Review