Militias, States and Violence against Civilians

Civic Vice, Civic Virtue

Paul Lorenzo Johnson editor William Wittels editor

Format:Paperback

Publisher:Taylor & Francis Ltd

Published:8th Oct '24

£39.99

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Militias, States and Violence against Civilians cover

This book examines the conditions under which the presence and use of militias result in an increase or a decrease in violence against civilians in intra-state conflicts.

Showcasing the breadth and diversity of modern militias in the context of violence against civilians, the volume addresses the predation and repression that many such groups are infamous for, as well as increasingly important efforts by other militias at civilian protection in war-torn settings. The chapters examine militias from around the world, drawing on both qualitative and quantitative methods as they cover groups as varied as gangs, death squads, grassroots community-defense groups, official state militias, and party-sponsored armies – groups on the "civic vice" side, the "civic virtue" side, and the wide and mixed in-between space where most cases fall.

Taken as a cohesive unit, the work lays the foundation for an encompassing theory and interrogation of the causal chain between militia type and operating context and the levels of violence against civilians. It provides path-breaking theory-building and empirical scholarship. Policymakers and national security practitioners dealing with issues relating to armed groups will also benefit from the practical issues covered here, such as how different forms of sponsorship and training affect militia behavior.

This book will be of interest to students of civil wars, political violence, counterinsurgency, civil-military relations, and security studies in general.

'Militias invoke an earlier, pre-modern era before the ‘Weberian’ state regularized the delivery of security. But as this important and very welcome volume by leading scholars makes clear, these armed organizations outside the regular security structure are resilient, multitasking and evolving, and their sometimes genocidal violence and mistreatment of civilians is of our times too. The authors suggest conceptual refinements and new subtypes beyond the focus on progovernment militias. The chapters provide statistical analysis and detailed case evidence of the price paid by the civilians who have to live with these organizations. The study of militias and their dynamic and sometimes clandestine relationship with governments and other actors is challenging and valuable in itself. Yet it also opens a window on the wider issues of political violence, repression, conflict or, indeed, the viability of states.'

Neil J. Mitchell, Emeritus Professor of International Relations, University College London, UK

'This edited volume investigates a range of important questions about militia relationships with the state and society, as well as the ways in which different groups can perpetrate or refrain from violent action against civilians. Its chapters interrogate these complex issues across cases and contexts, and I was particularly pleased to see engagement with the "civic virtue" side of militia and self-defense force behavior.'

Steven T. Zech,Monash University, Australia

'This book advances the study of militias and other armed groups conceptually and empirically. It challenges the dichotomous assumptions that catalogs armed groups as either virtuously responsible or viciously violent and shows how relations between these groups and other actors - political parties, communities, and other violent entrepreneurs - condition the behavior of armed groups. The individual chapters in the volume go far in demonstrating how the multiple methods can expand the horizon for study of this important phenomenon.'

Ariel I. Ahram, Virginia Tech School of Public and International Affairs, USA

'Militias have attracted increasing attention and with good reason: their activity is consequential but also puzzling in many ways. This volume is a decisive step forward in our understanding of this important phenomenon.'

Stathis N. Kalyvas, All Souls College, Oxford, UK

ISBN: 9781032122823

Dimensions: unknown

Weight: 380g

196 pages