Freedom and History

Originally published in 1962, this work explores the complexities of freedom, comparing T.H. Green with Locke and Rousseau, while examining the interplay of history, morality, and theology in shaping individual thought.

Freedom and History, first published in 1962, delves into the complexities surrounding the concept of freedom and the misunderstandings that threaten its existence. Professor Lewis critically examines the works of T.H. Green, drawing comparisons with the philosophies of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. He argues that the advocates of freedom have often misrepresented its nature, leading to unintended consequences that can foster collectivism and despotism.

In his analysis, Lewis highlights how Green and other idealists approached critical societal issues such as education, family dynamics, punishment, slavery, and war. He points out that their individualistic perspectives, coupled with a neglect of the moral ambiguities inherent in these topics, significantly shaped their philosophies. The optimism prevalent among late nineteenth-century thinkers, who believed in the idea of inevitable progress, is also scrutinized for its role in distorting the understanding of freedom.

The book further explores the nature of history, the quest for objectivity within it, and the interplay between religion and historical narratives, as well as law and morality. Lewis subjects the works of notable figures like Reinhold Niebuhr, Barbara Wootton, Ian Ramsey, and Leonard Hodgson to thorough critical analysis. He presents his own insights regarding the relationship between theology and historical fact, making Freedom and History a vital resource for scholars and researchers in the fields of political philosophy, ethics, and theology.