Religious Trauma

This Element explains the causes and impact of religious trauma and suggests philosophical and theological resources for responding to it.

This Element explores religious trauma and its impact on relating to God and engaging in spiritual practice. It provides a history of psychological trauma, explores first-person narratives of survivors, and social epistemology, and discusses the problem of evil, divine hiddenness, and religious experience from the perspective of religious trauma.When religion is the site of abuse and trauma, it can deeply impact a person's ability to relate to God and engage in spiritual practice. As such, religious trauma is ripe for philosophical exploration. Section 1 of this Element provides a brief history of the concept of psychological trauma, contemporary accounts of its neurobiological basis, and its impact on human agency. Section 2 sketches a model of religious trauma through the first-person narratives of survivors and emerging psychological data. Section 3 explores the social epistemology of religious trauma, focusing on how failures of knowledge create space for religious abuse and the insights of survivors may help communities guard against it. The last two sections consider three perennial topics in philosophy of religion from the perspective of religious trauma: the problem of evil, the problem of divine hiddenness, and religious experience.