Lukács and Brecht

David Pike traces the evolution of interrelated political and literary theoretical currents in the Soviet Union from the early 1930s to the late 1940s and places the writings of Georg Lukacs and Bertolt Brecht within that context. Lukacs' ideas are examined in order to define the derivative nature of his political stance and to ascertain its influence upon the formation of his aesthetic. Pike then explores the cause of Brecht's clash with German and Soviet Stalinists over their decreed aesthetic principles before dealing with his political outlook and its correspondence with standard Soviet assumptions.

The link between the two men lies in their practice of viewing reality through the prism of a rigid political dogma. This persistent inclination led to theorietical rationalizations that were incapable of acknowledging the evolving pattern of Stalinist atrocities or that classified these atrocities as historical necessity, and it likewise distorted each man's view of fascism.

An additional dimension to this fascination with an exclusive political dogma is that Brecht's tendency to indulge in the Stalinist mystique was not tempered in the least by his Western European or American experience. In fact, his perceptions of Western democracy only drove him further away from any acceptance or appreciation of traditional democratic values. Lukacs, by contrast, chose Soviet exile. There he had little chance to pursue insights into political or aesthetic theory which were meaningfully independent of the dogmas emerging around him. Ironically, Lukacs drifted so far in the opposite direction that he helped work out doctrinal ideas characteristic of fully developed Stalinism.

Pike examines another set of parallels and divergences in the realm of aesthetic theory. Whereas Lukacs literary ideas were never incompatible with the political dogma of Stalinism, the political orthodoxy that Brecht shared with Lukacs contributed to an entirely different aesthetic theory and literary practice, one differing radically from Lukacs' views and from the socialist realism of the Soviet cultural establishment.

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