The First Green Wave

This vibrant history of Toronto’s early environmental movement reveals how a small group of committed people really can change the world – or at least their country.

The First Green Wave examines the origins and development of first wave environmental activism (1967-86) in Toronto, home to one of Canada’s earliest and most dynamic communities of environmentalists.

In The First Green Wave, Ryan O’Connor traces the rise of the environmental movement in Toronto, home to one of Canada’s earliest and most dynamic communities of environmental activists, from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s. At the heart of the story is Pollution Probe, an organization founded in 1969 by students and faculty at the University of Toronto. Living up to its motto (“Do it!”) in its first year of operation, Pollution Probe confronted Toronto’s City Hall over its use of pesticides, Ontario Hydro over air pollution, and the detergent industry over pollution of the Great Lakes. The organization’s successes inspired the founding of other environmental organizations across Canada and led to the development of initiatives now taken for granted, such as waste reduction and energy policy. This book describes the heady days of Canada’s early environmental movement and examines the forces that reshaped the activist landscape in the 1980s.