The Return of Ideology

This book explores how Russia and China transition from communism, examining their efforts to create new political ideologies. It highlights challenges faced in ideology-building and the implications for global influence.

In The Return of Ideology, Cheng Chen explores the complex transition of Russia and China as they move away from communism and seek to establish new political ideologies suitable for a changing global landscape. As these nations shift towards democracy or alternative forms of governance, they face the critical task of not only building new political institutions but also crafting a guiding ideology that can provide legitimacy and direction. This new ideology is essential for maintaining both domestic support and international standing, which are crucial for the long-term stability of their regimes.

Chen focuses on the experiences of Russia under Vladimir Putin and post-Deng China, analyzing the factors that influence the success of ideology-building efforts in these contexts. He argues that successful construction of a new ideological framework requires two key conditions: a coherent ideological repertoire that respects the nation’s historical context while embracing contemporary nationalism, and a strong commitment from the political elite to champion this emerging ideology.

Drawing from a wealth of primary sources, including interviews, political speeches, and various publications, Chen identifies significant challenges faced by both countries in their quest for a unifying ideology. He notes that while China has encountered difficulties in this process, Russia has faced even greater obstacles. Ultimately, the ability of these nations to forge a new ideology is not just a domestic issue; it has profound implications for their roles on the international stage as they seek to expand their influence globally.