Superfund and Mining Megasites

For more than 100 years, the Coeur d' Alene River Basin has been known as "The Silver Valley" for being one of the most productive silver, lead, and zinc mining areas in the United States. Over time, high levels of metals (including lead, arsenic, cadmium, and zinc) were discovered in the local environment and elevated blood lead levels were found in children in communities near the metal-refining and smelter complex. In 1983, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) listed a 21-square mile mining area in northern Idaho as a Superfund site. EPA extended those boundaries in 1998 to include areas throughout the 1500-square mile area Coeur d'Alene River Basin project area. Under Superfund, EPA has developed a plan to clean up the contaminated area that will cost an estimated $359 million over 3 decades—and this effort is only the first step in the cleanup process. Superfund and Mining Megasites: Lessons from Coeur d'Alene River Basin evaluates the issues and concerns that have been raised regarding EPA's decisions about cleaning up the area. The scientific and technical practices used by EPA to make decisions about human health risks at the Coeur d'Alene River Basin Superfund site are generally sound; however, there are substantial concerns regarding environmental protection decisions, particularly dealing with the effectiveness of long-term plans.Table of Contents

• Front Matter
• Summary
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Historical Background
• 3 The Coeur d'Alene System
• 4 Remedial Investigation Assessment
• 5 Human Health Risk Assessment in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin
• 6 Human Health Risk Assessment: Lead Exposure and Uptake - Use of the IEUBK Model
• 7 Ecologic Risk Assessment
• 8 Remediation Objectives and Approaches
• 9 Mining Megasites: Lessons Learned
• Appendix A Statement of Task and Committee Biosketches
• Appendix B Evaluation of the Methodology to Determine Background Concentrations in the Lower Basin
• Appendix C Detailed Comments on the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Implementation Code
• Appendix D Procedures Used in Model Comparisons
• Appendix E Crustal Element Analyses for Following Soil Lead Transport
• Appendix F Assessment of the Probabilistic Model for Estimating Metal Loading and Effectiveness of Remedial Action