Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans

Marine debris is a serious environmental problem. To do its part, the United States has agreed to abide by the international treaty for garbage control at sea, known as MARPOL 73/78 Annex V.

Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans explores the challenge of translating Annex V into workable laws and regulations for all kinds of ships and boats, from cruise ships to fishing crafts and recreational boats. The volume examines how existing resources can be leveraged into a comprehensive strategy for compliance, including integrated waste management systems and effective enforcement.

Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans describes both progress toward and obstacles to Annex V compliance. The book covers:

• How shipborne garbage orignates and what happens to garbage discharged into the seas.
• Effects of discharge on human health, wildlife safety, and aesthetics.
• Differences in perspective among military, industrial, and recreational seafarers and shoreside facilities.

Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans will be important to marine policymakers, port administrators, ship operations officers, maritime engineers, and marine ecologists.

Table of Contents

• Front Matter
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• FATES AND EFFECTS OF MARINE DEBRIS
• THE VESSEL GARBAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• EDUCATION AND TRAINING
• OVERARCHING ISSUES
• RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GOVERNMENT ACTION
• National Leadership
• Coast Guard
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
• Maritime Administration (MARAD)
• 1 Dimensions of the Challenge and U.S. Progress
• INTERNATIONAL AND U.S. MANDATES
• PROGRESS IN U.S. IMPLEMENTATION OF ANNEX V
• U.S. Navy Compliance
• State Initiatives
• Pilot Programs by Community and Environmental Groups
• Special Situations: The Gulf of Mexico
• THE CHALLENGES AHEAD
• REFERENCES
• 2 Sources, Fates, and Effects of Shipborne Garbage
• IDENTIFYING VESSEL GARBAGE IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
• SOURCES OF SHIPBORNE GARBAGE
• Recreational Boats
• Commercial Fisheries
• Cargo Ships
• Small Public Vessels
• Offshore Industry Rigs, Platforms, and Supply Vessels
• Passenger Cruise Ships
• Research Vessels
• General Observations
• Implications for Special Areas
• Implications for Implementation of Annex V
• Human Health Problems
• Ecological Effects
• Entanglement of Marine Animals
• Ingestion of Plastics by Marine Species
• SUMMARY
• REFERENCES
• 3 Implementation
• HAZARD EVOLUTION MODEL
• Interventions to Remedy the Hazard
• Technological Innovations
• Organizational and Operational Changes
• Educational Communication
• Economic Incentives
• Application of the Model to the Seafarer Communities
• SUMMARY
• REFERENCES
• 4 Elements of an Implementation Strategy
• INTRODUCTION
• Intelligence
• Analysis of Interventions
• Intelligence
• Control
• Analysis of Interventions
• Intelligence
• Control
• Analysis of Interventions
• Intelligence
• Intelligence
• Control
• Intelligence
• Control
• Analysis of Interventions
• Control
• Analysis of Interventions
• Intelligence
• Analysis of Interventions
• Intelligence
• Control
• Analysis of Interventions
• REFERENCES
• 5 Integrating Vessel and Shoreside Garbage Management
• PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Source Reduction
• On-Board Storage
• Shoreside Recycling
• Compactors
• Comminuters, Pulpers, and Shredders
• Incinerators
• Enhancing Shipboard Technology Development and Use
• GARBAGE MANAGEMENT IN PORTS
• Garbage Management Strategies
• ENHANCING THE VESSEL GARBAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Quarantine Requirements
• Port Accountability
• Liability
• Who Should Pay?
• SUMMARY
• REFERENCES
• 6 Education and Training
• Public Awareness Campaigns
• Management Education and Training
• EXPERIENCE BASE RELATED TO ANNEX V
• Marine Debris Information Offices
• Efforts Targeting Boaters
• Port Projects
• Efforts Involving Industry
• Public Awareness Programs
• Information Exchange
• A MODEL ANNEX...read more...