Justice by Means of Democracy

“Allen is an important political theorist and classicist who’s tried to turn theory into action. . . . And Allen’s vision, which she puts forward in her new book, Justice by Means of Democracy . . . is something called power-sharing liberalism. To her, one mistake liberalism has made has been that it is willing, again and again, to deprioritize political equality in favor of material redistribution. But she thinks renewal isn’t going to come from people just getting more from government. They’re going to have to be more full participants in government, and that’s going to require fundamentally overhauling the system. And maybe more than that, it’s going to require potentially constructing entirely new possibilities within it.” -- Ezra Klein * The Ezra Klein Show, New York Times *
"An important book. . . . Allen’s big idea is that justice can’t be achieved simply by taking from the rich and giving to the poor, and liberty isn’t just about being left alone to do your own thing. People care about more than money, and we are social creatures. We flourish when we participate as equals in the public sphere. 'Justice is therefore best, and perhaps only, achieved by means of democracy,' she wrote in the opening pages." -- Peter Coy * New York Times *
“Such a strong argument for people getting involved in politics. Not everyone has to run for governor of Massachusetts, but so many people in our movement, our prognosticators, opinion people who are pushing a message of doom and—maybe just getting up and getting involved, maybe that’s a good answer to that. . . . [Allen’s] arguments that freedom emerges from conditions where people are empowered to participate, to architect, to structure the world around them, it’s great.” -- Felicia Wong * The Roosevelt Institute/The New Republic/PRX's “How to Save a Country” *
"Allen’s latest book, Justice by Means of Democracy, has little patience for abstractions that neglect real-world constraints. Allen argues instead for greater attention to the background conditions that make real disagreement possible, in part by critiquing and reframing the arguments in John Rawls’ seminal work of political philosophy, A Theory of Justice. . . . Her vision of ensuring that 'all people have an experience of ownership, belonging, and equal footing in relation to our political institutions' is compelling. . . . There’s much to appreciate about both the style and substance of Allen’s argument." -- John Inazu * The Dispatch *
"It is hard to understate the importance of Allen’s insistence that political equality is diminished or enhanced not only or even primarily by the proper design of governmental institutions, but also and maybe more importantly in the realms of civil society and political economy. It is not enough to have 'egalitarian participatory constitutional democracy' if the social and economic conditions under which people must participate are not themselves structured with political equality in mind." -- Adam Smith * Front Porch Republic *
"Allen offers a compelling and wide-ranging articulation of liberalism. She shows that not only do liberalism and democracy often go together, but also that they are inseparable partners in the quest for human flourishing. In Allen’s view, human freedom is predicated on political equality, which is increasingly under threat as power becomes concentrated among the wealthy. . . . Justice by Means of Democracy provides the road map that contemporary liberalism so desperately needs." -- Jeffery Tyler Syck * American Purpose *
"Allen has done political philosophy a great service with this book. . . . Liberals and non-liberals alike should applaud its arrival." -- Max Foley-Keene * Commonweal *
"Democracy matters precisely because that system of government is the best way to secure human flourishing. As Allen has recently argued in a major work of political philosophy, Justice by Means of Democracy, the task of twenty-first-century citizenship is to find ways to bring that promise of flourishing to life, not for the few but for the many." -- Gregory Laski * Public Books *
"In sum, Justice by Means of Democracy moves us away from parochial definitions of identity and nation to an active model of democratic power and citizenship—one that is in the service of a just, relational, economically empowering, dignity-enhancing, and inclusively democratic society. And by elaborating the principles that could form the basis of such a society, Allen is also able to lay out criteria for making policies that might actually create it." -- Margaret Levi * Democracy: A Journal of Ideas *
"A major political philosophical work. . . . Allen’s agenda is about making democracy much more responsive, representative and dynamic and ensuring greater parity of esteem between democratic and economic equality." -- Nick Plumb * Renewal.org *
"Allen integrates both scholarship and democratic activism into her work as an academic and as an activist. Justice by Means of Democracy examines these different threads as well; what is justice, and how does democracy work towards achieving justice? And what is the role of the citizen in these pursuits?" -- Lilly J. Goren * New Books Network *
"A work of political philosophy drawn from Allen’s lifetime of scholarly interests and her analysis of traumatic socioeconomic and political events during the past decade. A just society is secured by political equality, she explains—and justice itself depends on democracy. But she argues further that 'power-sharing liberalism' is the best way to achieve the equality and justice essential to human flourishing: a prescription for inclusion and careful avoidance of any group’s monopoly on political, economic, or social power. Aspirationally, 'Justice by means of democracy will exist when all people, regardless of background, fully share power and responsibility.'" * Harvard Magazine *
"Allen's new book lays out vision for power-sharing liberalism that will lead to greater inclusion, responsiveness, participation—and better lives for all. In Allen’s vision for a just society, every citizen would experience empowerment—both in their private lives and in our shared governing. Achieving this, according to Allen, requires a world where people have a work-life-civic balance and certain foundational needs assured: straightforward and affordable healthcare, low housing and energy costs, and good jobs that integrate people into the productivity of a dynamic, inclusive economy." -- Eileen O'Grady * Harvard Gazette *
"A profound political theorist and classicist, Professor Allen was my dean when I received my PhD, and I have long admired her intellectual rootedness in theory and practice." -- Alyssa Ayres, dean, Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University * McKinsey & Company, 2023 Summer Reading Guide *
"This magnum opus synthesizes themes from over two decades of Danielle Allen’s theoretical and applied work. It is a major contribution to the philosophical literature on sociopolitical justice. Written in an engaging style, Allen’s explanations are carefully reasoned, poised, always clear, and reassuringly balanced throughout—as might be expected of a scholar expert in classical thought, the American founders, and contemporary theories of justice and society. While Allen’s egalitarian conception of justice has some radical implications for constitutional and social reform, her arguments never descend into ideological cant. Readers who initially resist aspects of her account will be earnestly engaged and challenged to answer her illuminating conceptual taxonomies and the empirical evidence on which she draws. One feels throughout a confident force of reason that comes from grappling with a wide variety of approaches within political philosophy, along with many contextualized applications and examples." * Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *
"Allen’s book presents a bold thesis: ‘Justice . . . requires egalitarian participatory constitutional democracy.’ Allen persuasively argues that neither liberalism nor democracy can stand alone. In addition, the argument incorporates equality by deploying the republican conception of liberty as non-domination. As such, the book presents an important critique of much of twentieth-century liberalism, which emphasized the distinction between liberty and democracy. . . . An important and provocative work of political theory. Essential." * Choice *
“With a philosophically rich set of arguments, Allen brilliantly reveals how democracy is the means to achieve justice. As impressively, she derives from her political theory practical steps for the achievement of our common purpose and flourishing. This is a book in the tradition of Rawls and Dahl, but it is a book informed by the recognition of difference and diversity and the search for more encompassing standards of justice. It is without doubt one of the most important books ever written on democracy.” -- Margaret Levi, professor of political science and codirector of the Ethics, Society, and Technology Hub, Stanford University
“Justice by Means of Democracy is a compelling, major statement by one of the most important, influential, and original political philosophers working today. The goal of the book, which is admirably achieved, is to reorient current discussions of justice, away from the primary economic focus on equal distribution of material goods (income or wealth) and toward democratic political equality. This book will transform academic debates in political philosophy and set the terms for how justice is made manifest in social policy. Superb.” -- Josiah Ober, author of "Demopolis: Democracy before Liberalism in Theory and Practice"
“Ambitious in scope, Justice by Means of Democracy rivals John Rawls’s Theory of Justice, the standard twentieth-century go-to text for liberal political philosophies seeking to address structural inequalities. Taking the idea of the ‘basic structure of society’ as its point of departure, Justice by Means of Democracy adds positive liberties and public autonomy to Rawls’s emphases on negative liberties and private autonomy and replaces Rawls’s famous ‘difference principle’ with a principle of ‘difference without domination.’ Offering an exciting new theory of justice for the twenty-first century, Justice by Means of Democracy is a remarkable achievement.” -- Jill Frank, author of "Poetic Justice: Rereading Plato’s 'Republic'"