From Rationality to Equality

James P. Sterba presents a compelling argument that morality is rationally necessary and inherently linked to substantial equality, challenging libertarian views while defending his ideas against recent critiques.

In From Rationality to Equality, James P. Sterba presents a compelling argument that asserts the rational necessity of morality and its intrinsic link to the concept of equality. Sterba addresses a long-standing desire among philosophers to establish a foundation for morality that is rationally justified. He contends that even libertarian viewpoints, which typically advocate for minimal moral enforcement, ultimately lead to a demand for substantial equality. Through his work, he seeks to demonstrate that morality is not only rationally required but also fundamentally connected to the idea of equal rights and welfare.

Sterba's argument unfolds in two distinct forms. The first form engages with egoism, positing that if an egoist is willing to debate their position without circular reasoning, they will find that morality is a more rational choice. The second form requires the egoist to acknowledge the premises necessary for achieving their self-interests. In both cases, Sterba illustrates that morality presents a more rational alternative to egoism, highlighting the importance of ethical considerations in decision-making.

Moreover, Sterba explores the transition from morality to equality, beginning with assumptions that align with libertarian thought. He argues that this perspective inevitably leads to a recognition of a right to welfare, which, when applied to both distant individuals and future generations, culminates in a demand for equality. By defending his two-part argument against recent critiques, Sterba positions his work as a significant contribution to moral and political philosophy, offering a robust justification for morality and its implications for equality.