The New Leviathan

This book critiques traditional social contract theory, exploring the relationship between social and non-social communities. The New Leviathan remains relevant today.

In The New Leviathan, R. G. Collingwood presents a compelling critique of traditional social contract theory, arguing that it fails to address the ongoing existence of non-social communities and their interaction with social communities within the body politic. This work, written shortly before his death in 1942, was inspired by the tumultuous backdrop of World War II and the threats posed by Nazism and Fascism to civilization. Collingwood delves into the intricate connections between consciousness, society, civilization, and barbarism, drawing upon his extensive background in moral and political philosophy.

The book emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between right and duty, as Collingwood critiques the ethical tendency to conflate these concepts. The revised edition includes 120 pages of additional manuscript material that further elucidates his perspective on rational practical consciousness. Through these writings, Collingwood firmly rejects relativism, reinforcing his belief in the necessity of a coherent ethical framework.

David Boucher's insightful introduction connects The New Leviathan with Collingwood's broader philosophical ideas, particularly those found in The Idea of History. Boucher highlights the contemporary relevance of Collingwood's thoughts, especially regarding barbarism, suggesting that these ideas resonate more than one might initially assume. This new edition of The New Leviathan is not only a significant contribution to political philosophy but also a timely reminder of the complexities of ethical discourse.