The Mighty Experiment

This study examines the connection between economic growth and moral considerations surrounding slavery, highlighting Britain's pivotal role in emancipation and the influence of early social sciences on the debate.

The Mighty Experiment by Seymour Drescher delves into the complex relationship between economic growth and moral considerations surrounding slavery, particularly within the context of British history. The narrative begins in the mid-eighteenth century when the transatlantic slave trade was viewed as essential for the capitalist economies of Europe and the Americas. Britain, as a dominant power in this system, appeared poised for limitless expansion. However, in 1833, the British Empire took a groundbreaking step by becoming the first to abolish slavery, subsequently influencing global movements toward emancipation. The motivations behind this pivotal decision have sparked extensive debate, with interpretations ranging from a strategic withdrawal from a failing system to a significant investment in colonial reform.

Drescher argues that the abolition of slavery was not merely a reaction to economic decline but rather a critical humanitarian achievement. He explores how various stakeholders, including politicians, bureaucrats, and scholars, employed rational scientific arguments to support anti-slavery positions, moving beyond mere moral rhetoric. This integration of social sciences into the political discourse aimed to reduce tensions and foster common ground among differing viewpoints.

The book also highlights the contributions of early social scientists like Adam Smith and Thomas Malthus, who provided the intellectual tools to address issues of demography, racism, and political economy. By the time emancipation was legislated, it was perceived as a significant social experiment with the potential to enact profound change. Overall, The Mighty Experiment offers valuable insights for scholars interested in British history, imperialism, slavery, and human rights.