World Order

Exploring the historical frameworks of state relations, World Order presents Kissinger's insights on how nations have interacted and evolved over time.

In World Order, Henry Kissinger delves into the intricate 'tectonic plates' of global history and state relations. This comprehensive exploration highlights the various attitudes that states and empires have adopted towards the rest of the world, tracing their evolution from the formation of Europe to contemporary times. Kissinger, a prominent figure in world diplomacy, provides a unique perspective on how historical events have shaped international relations.

The author identifies four significant 'world orders' throughout history: the European, Islamic, Chinese, and American. Each of these orders has distinct motivations and worldviews. Since the decline of Charlemagne's empire and particularly after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Europe has sought to achieve balance in global affairs. In contrast, Islamic states have historically pursued expansion into regions they consider to be populated by non-believers, a notion that is still evident in modern Iranian politics. Meanwhile, China has maintained a perspective of centrality, viewing itself as the rightful ruler of all tributary states, and America positions itself as a moral leader with universal values.

Kissinger's insights into these world orders raise critical questions about their evolution, interactions, and the balance between legitimacy and power. He draws on his extensive historical knowledge and personal experience as a statesman to analyze how these attitudes have influenced global relations. World Order stands as a remarkable synthesis of narrative and analysis, showcasing Kissinger's ability to illuminate the complexities of international diplomacy.