How to Be

This book explores the emergence of philosophical thought in ancient Greek harbor cities, examining fundamental questions about existence, justice, and self-identity, while highlighting the lasting impact of these early thinkers.

In How to Be, prize-winning author Adam Nicolson explores the transformative ideas that emerged in the ancient eastern Mediterranean, a period marked by a shift from the dominance of god-kings to independent thought. Over 2,500 years ago, thinkers began to question the nature of existence, justice, and personal identity, laying the groundwork for Western philosophy. Nicolson delves into the lives and ideas of figures such as Homer, Heraclitus, and Pythagoras, who sought to understand the world through inquiry rather than tradition.

The book highlights the contributions of early philosophers who grappled with profound questions about selfhood and society. Through the lens of characters like Odysseus, Nicolson illustrates how these thinkers navigated their realities, fostering a sense of civic responsibility and personal authenticity. The reflections of poets like Sappho and Alcaeus further emphasize the quest for truth and self-expression, showcasing the rich intellectual landscape of the time.

Nicolson's narrative is enhanced by maps, photographs, and artwork, making the journey through these ancient ideas both engaging and enlightening. He emphasizes the legacy of the Greeks, including the fluidity of thought, the pursuit of justice, and the acknowledgment of change. Ultimately, How to Be serves as a reminder of the enduring relevance of these foundational questions, which continue to shape our understanding of ourselves and the world around us.